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Independent rankings, no fluff

Best 1.0 GPF Toilets: Maximum Efficiency Options 2026

A 1.0 GPF toilet uses one gallon per flush, well below the 1.6 gallon federal maximum and below the 1.28 gallon EPA WaterSense threshold, making it one of the most water-efficient single-flush choices available. At this volume, flush performance lives and dies by engineering: the trapway diameter, the glaze quality, the flush valve speed and the bowl geometry all matter more than at higher volumes where spare water does the heavy lifting. We ranked the best 1.0 GPF toilets using independent MaP flush-test gram scores, EPA WaterSense certification, published specifications, trapway and glaze design, and the patterns across thousands of aggregated owner reviews, so you get the full water savings without the double-flush penalty.

Why Trust Best Flushing Toilets

  • Flushing power and MaP flush-test scores
  • Water efficiency (GPF and EPA WaterSense)
  • Aggregated owner reviews
  • Clog resistance and trapway design
  • Brand reliability and warranty

Research updated June 2026.

Quick Answer

The best 1.0 GPF toilet is the TOTO Eco Drake: it delivers a 1,000 gram MaP score at exactly 1.0 gallon per flush using a wide 3-inch flush valve and a fully glazed 2-1/8 inch trapway, clearing the bowl completely on the first push while using 37.5 percent less water than a standard 1.6 GPF model. Homeowners wanting a one-piece option should look at the American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise or the TOTO Eco Ultramax.

The 1.0 GPF label sits in a precise band of water efficiency. It is lower than the 1.28 gallon EPA WaterSense ceiling, lower than the 1.6 gallon federal maximum, and lower than the standard for older toilets, which often ran at 3.5 to 5 gallons. Yet it is not the absolute floor: dual flush models can dip to 0.8 gallons on a partial flush, and vacuum-assisted single flush designs like the Niagara Stealth go as low as 0.8 GPF. What sets the 1.0 GPF single flush apart is simplicity. One button, one volume, one decision. You do not need to remember which button to press, and you do not need a sealed vacuum chamber that depends on steady supply pressure. If the toilet is well engineered, 1.0 gallon is enough to clear the bowl every time.

We do not run our own flush trials. We compare published manufacturer specifications, independent MaP (Maximum Performance) flush-test gram scores, EPA WaterSense certification data, trapway dimensions and glaze type, and aggregated patterns across thousands of verified owner reviews. MaP testing by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) measures exactly how many grams of solid waste a toilet clears in a single flush, which is the only reliable way to tell whether a 1.0 gallon flush actually clears cleanly or just moves material partway. At 1.0 GPF there is no buffer water to mask weak engineering, so MaP scores and WaterSense certification carry decisive weight in every ranking here. For the broadest performance-first overview, see our pillar guide to the best flushing toilets; for the wider sub-1.28 range, see our guide to the best low flow toilets.

At 1.0 GPF, the MaP score is the only number that matters after the gallon figure. A toilet that uses 1.0 gallon but only clears 500 grams forces a second flush, turning your water-efficient toilet into a 2.0 gallon toilet. The picks here all reach at least 600 grams, with most hitting 800 to 1,000, so the saving stays intact flush after flush.

How we research and rank 1.0 GPF toilets

Every model here had to flush at a published 1.0 gallon per flush, single-flush, and clear solids reliably on the first push. We required a minimum MaP score of 600 grams, with a strong preference for models at 800 to 1,000 grams, since at 1.0 gallon there is no spare volume to compensate for weak engineering. We confirmed EPA WaterSense certification where available, since the label means an independent body verified both the low volume and the flush effectiveness. We assessed trapway diameter and glaze quality, two of the strongest predictors of single-flush success at low volumes, and weighted the full-flush mechanism type (whether a wide flush valve, a large-diameter siphon jet, or a pressure-assisted system was doing the work). We compared published brand specifications against independent MaP records and aggregated owner patterns rather than relying on marketing language, and no placement is paid.

ToiletBest ForMaP ScoreGPFRatingCheck Price
TOTO Eco DrakeBest overall 1.0 GPF1,000 g1.04.7Check price
TOTO Eco UltramaxBest one-piece overall1,000 g1.04.7Check price
American Standard Cadet 3 FlowiseBest value at 1.0 GPF1,000 g1.04.6Check price
Kohler Cimarron 1.0 GPFBest mid-range pick800 g1.04.6Check price
Gerber Viper 1.0 GPFBest contractor / trade choice800 g1.04.4Check price
Woodbridge T-0001Best modern design800 g1.0 / 1.64.5Check price
Swiss Madison IvyBest slim one-piece for less700 g1.0 / 1.64.4Check price
Kohler Highline 1.0 GPFBest simple two-piece workhorse800 g1.04.5Check price

The 8 best 1.0 GPF toilets, reviewed

1
Best Overall

TOTO Eco Drake

4.7 Strongest 1.0 GPF flush available

The TOTO Eco Drake uses exactly 1.0 gallon per flush yet posts a 1,000 gram MaP score, the ceiling of independent flush testing, by pairing a wide 3-inch flush valve, a fully glazed 2-1/8 inch trapway and TOTO's G-Max gravity system to move waste with far more force than its gallon count suggests.

Flush TypeG-Max gravity, 3-in valve
GPF1.0 gallon
MaP Score1,000 g
BowlElongated, comfort height
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • The strongest possible single 1.0 GPF flush
  • Heavy-waste households
  • WaterSense savings with no performance sacrifice
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting a one-piece body
  • Strict budgets preferring a value brand

The Eco Drake is TOTO's most proven two-piece toilet in its lower-volume configuration. Its G-Max system dumps water into the bowl through a wide 3-inch flush valve far faster than a standard 2-inch valve, creating a rush that carries 1,000 grams of solid material through the fully glazed 2-1/8 inch trapway in a single flush, despite using only 1.0 gallon to do it. The EPA WaterSense certification confirms the low volume and the performance are both verified, not just claimed. Because most of the flush power comes from the large valve opening and the bowl geometry rather than raw water mass, it resists clogs without the 0.8 gallon forced-siphon tricks that some smaller-volume toilets need.

Owner reviews across thousands of verified purchases consistently praise the reliable, powerful clear and the quiet refill, with the usual note that it is a two-piece with an exposed trapway that requires some seam wiping on cleaning day. The CeFiONtect ion-barrier glaze on TOTO models keeps the bowl cleaner between cleanings by preventing waste from adhering to the surface. If you are replacing an older high-gallon toilet and want the best possible clearing performance at 1.0 GPF with a trusted brand behind it, the Eco Drake is the default recommendation and features prominently in our roundup of the best EPA WaterSense certified toilets.

Expert Take

The Eco Drake makes the strongest case that 1.0 GPF is not a compromise: a 1,000 gram MaP score at exactly 1.0 gallon means you are not giving up a single gram of clearing power compared to what the best 1.6 gallon toilets achieve, while using 37.5 percent less water. If someone tells you low-flow toilets do not flush well, show them the Eco Drake's MaP record. It earns the top spot by making the entire question moot.

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Bottom Line: The best 1.0 GPF toilet overall, with a verified 1,000 gram MaP score, WaterSense certification and TOTO's long reliability record in a practical two-piece body.
2
Best One-Piece

TOTO Eco Ultramax

4.7 Best 1.0 GPF one-piece

The Eco Ultramax packages the same G-Max 1.0 GPF flush system and 1,000 gram MaP score as the Eco Drake into a seamless one-piece body that wipes clean in seconds, making it the premium choice for a high-traffic or highly visible bathroom.

Flush TypeG-Max gravity, 3-in valve
GPF1.0 gallon
MaP Score1,000 g
BowlElongated, comfort height
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • One-piece buyers who will not compromise on flush power
  • Design-forward or guest bathrooms
  • Easiest-to-clean 1.0 GPF design
Not Ideal For
  • Strict budgets (costs more than the Drake)
  • Buyers needing the lowest price per flush saved

The Eco Ultramax's selling point is the seamless one-piece construction, which eliminates the seam between tank and bowl where grime accumulates on a two-piece toilet, and the hidden skirted trapway on most configurations, which removes the curved bump on the outside of the base that is the hardest part of any toilet to keep clean. The G-Max system underneath delivers the identical 1.0 gallon, 1,000 gram performance as the Eco Drake, so there is no performance penalty for the cleaner body. The CeFiONtect glaze repels waste and keeps the inside of the bowl cleaner between scrubs.

Owner reviews are among the most consistently positive in the 1.0 GPF category, praising the powerful quiet flush, the easy-to-clean body and the premium feel. The Eco Ultramax costs more than the Eco Drake because you are paying for the one-piece manufacturing and the cleaner exterior, and TOTO's 1-year limited warranty is shorter than American Standard's ten-year on some models, but the brand's long reliability record and consistent owner review scores suggest the toilet earns that through longevity. It sits beside the Eco Drake in our guide to the best TOTO toilets of 2026.

Expert Take

If budget allows and cleaning ease matters, the Eco Ultramax is the right choice over the Eco Drake. The flush is identical at 1,000 grams and 1.0 gallon, but the one-piece body with no seam and no trapway bump to scrub saves real time on cleaning day. In a master bath or guest bath where appearance matters, that seamless profile is worth the premium over the functionally equivalent two-piece.

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Bottom Line: The same 1,000 gram 1.0 GPF performance as the Eco Drake in a seamless one-piece body that is far easier to keep clean.
American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise 1.0 GPF toilet
3
Best Value

American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise

4.6 Best combination of power and value

The Cadet 3 Flowise is American Standard's 1.0 GPF variant of its most popular flush platform, pairing a 1,000 gram MaP score with a 10-year limited warranty and wide hardware-store availability at a price below the TOTO options.

Flush TypeSiphon action, 3-in valve
GPF1.0 gallon
MaP Score1,000 g
BowlElongated or round, comfort height
Warranty10-year limited
Best For
  • Budget-conscious buyers who still need maximum flush power
  • Homes needing easy local parts
  • Long warranty seekers
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting a premium skirted look
  • Shoppers wanting a one-piece seamless body

The Cadet 3 Flowise carries American Standard's wide 3-inch flush valve, which releases water into the bowl 125 percent faster than a standard 2-inch valve, generating the momentum that drives a 1,000 gram MaP score at just 1.0 gallon. The EverClean antimicrobial surface finish is glazed into the bowl at the factory rather than applied as a coating, so it resists the growth of bacteria, mold and mildew on the bowl surface for the life of the fixture. EPA WaterSense certified, with a ten-year limited warranty that is among the longest in the category.

Because American Standard sells through every major hardware chain, replacement flappers, fill valves and flush levers are genuinely easy to find locally at low cost for years after purchase, which is a meaningful real-world advantage over boutique brands. Owner reviews across a very large sample are consistently positive on flush reliability, clog resistance and the value-for-money equation, with the recurring caveat that the exterior is a plain two-piece with an exposed trapway rather than a designer shape. For a buyer who wants the best possible flush at 1.0 GPF from a mainstream brand with deep parts availability and a long warranty, the Cadet 3 Flowise wins this tier convincingly and ranks among the best options in our guide to the best American Standard toilets.

Expert Take

For a buyer who will not spend TOTO money but needs a proven 1,000 gram clear at 1.0 GPF, the Cadet 3 Flowise is the pick. The ten-year warranty, the 3-inch flush valve, the EverClean glaze and the nationwide parts availability add up to a toilet that earns its place through dependability rather than style. Accept the plain two-piece look and you are getting the same maximum MaP score as the Eco Drake for less money.

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Bottom Line: A 1,000 gram MaP flush at 1.0 GPF with a 10-year warranty and easy nationwide parts, making it the strongest value in the category.
4
Best Mid-Range

Kohler Cimarron 1.0 GPF

4.6 Best mid-range WaterSense 1.0 GPF

The Kohler Cimarron's 1.0 GPF configuration uses the AquaPiston canister flush valve to deliver water into the bowl from all 360 degrees, posting an 800 gram MaP score with a quieter, more even rinse than a single-direction flush valve at the same water volume.

Flush TypeAquaPiston canister, 360-degree
GPF1.0 gallon
MaP Score800 g
BowlElongated, comfort height
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • Buyers wanting a major-brand mid-range option
  • Quieter flush preference
  • Easy local Kohler parts
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting the strongest flush power at this volume
  • Shoppers on the tightest budget

Kohler's AquaPiston canister uses a full 360-degree opening that distributes water evenly around the bowl rim as it enters, giving a more thorough rinse with less of the concentrated forward-flush noise common to front-fed flush valves. The canister design also seals more reliably over time than a standard rubber flapper, since the piston seats on a wide gasket rather than a narrow edge, reducing the risk of the phantom flushing that a slowly leaking flapper causes. At 1.0 gallon and 800 grams, the Cimarron is a step below the 1,000 gram leaders, which is fine for most households but worth noting for anyone with a heavier-than-average waste load.

Because Kohler has the broadest big-box retail presence of any toilet brand, replacement canisters, fill valves and trip levers are available at local stores rather than requiring online ordering. Owner reviews run deep and positive, consistently praising the even, quiet flush and the tidy elongated profile, with a few notes that the 800 gram MaP should be considered against household needs. It sits alongside the Highline in our overview of the best Kohler toilets.

Expert Take

The Cimarron at 1.0 GPF is the right pick for a buyer who wants a quiet, even flush from a dependable brand with easy local parts, and whose household does not need the maximum 1,000 gram clearing power. The 800 gram AquaPiston clear is robust for normal use, and the canister valve's reliable seating reduces the ghost-flush and running-toilet risks that hurt cheaper flapper designs. For heavy loads, step up to the Eco Drake or the Cadet 3 Flowise.

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Bottom Line: A quiet 360-degree AquaPiston flush at 1.0 GPF with 800 gram MaP performance and the best local parts network in the business.
5
Best Contractor Choice

Gerber Viper 1.0 GPF

4.4 Best no-frills 1.0 GPF for trade use

The Gerber Viper at 1.0 GPF is a plumber favorite that posts an 800 gram MaP score through a wide trapway, delivers reliable low-water performance at a competitive price point and carries a five-year limited warranty on the vitreous china.

Flush TypeGravity siphon, wide trapway
GPF1.0 gallon
MaP Score800 g
BowlElongated or round, comfort height
Warranty5-year (china), 1-year parts
Best For
  • Rental units and multi-bathroom builds
  • Trade and contractor installations
  • No-frills dependable low-water flush
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting design features or a skirted body
  • Buyers wanting the highest MaP rating

The Viper's 1.0 GPF gravity system uses a fully glazed trapway that resists buildup and a well-proportioned flush valve to clear 800 grams in a single push, a strong result for a toilet at this price. Gerber has a long history as a trade-quality brand: the vitreous china is dense, the standard two-piece construction is familiar to any plumber, and the basic internals require no learning curve for repairs or replacements. For outfitting a rental property, a commercial tenant buildout or a multi-bathroom new construction, the Viper covers the 1.0 GPF efficiency requirement at the cost per unit that matters when you are buying several at once.

Owner reviews are practical and positive, noting reliable clears and low maintenance rather than premium aesthetics. The 800 gram MaP handles normal household use without requiring a second flush, and the wide glazed trapway is the main clog-resistance mechanism, which is straightforward and dependable. Where the Viper falls short is style: it is a plain two-piece with no design ambitions, so it belongs in a utility or rental bathroom, not a remodeled master suite. Its companion in the Gerber lineup appears in our guide to the best Gerber toilets.

Expert Take

Plumbers trust the Viper because it does what it says and does not cause callbacks. At 1.0 GPF it meets the efficiency floor for WaterSense qualification, and at 800 grams it handles a normal bathroom without clogging. For a landlord or builder equipping several bathrooms, the straightforward construction and the competitive per-unit cost make it the most practical choice in this guide. Do not buy it for a design-forward renovation.

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Bottom Line: A trade-grade 1.0 GPF toilet with an 800 gram MaP score and straightforward construction, ideal for rental and contractor installs.
6
Best Modern Design

Woodbridge T-0001

4.5 Best skirted look at this water volume

The Woodbridge T-0001 is a fully skirted one-piece with a dual flush that reaches a 1.0 gallon small flush, offering contemporary design with genuine low-water performance and an included soft-close seat in a package that looks far more expensive than it costs.

Flush TypeSiphon dual flush
GPF1.0 partial / 1.6 full
MaP Score800 g full flush
BowlElongated, comfort height
Warranty5-year (china), 1-year parts
Best For
  • Renovated, design-forward bathrooms
  • Buyers wanting an included soft-close seat
  • Contemporary low-profile styling
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers who need generic universal parts
  • Households that will not use the small button

The T-0001 uses a dual flush mechanism with a 1.0 gallon small button for liquids and a 1.6 gallon large button for solids, and the full flush posts an 800 gram MaP score. This makes it a dual flush toilet rather than a true single-flush 1.0 GPF design, which is an important distinction: the 1.0 gallon use only accumulates if household members consistently press the small button for liquid-only uses. When they do, the daily average drops well into efficient territory. The fully skirted body has smooth sides with no visible trapway contours, making it one of the easiest toilets in this guide to keep clean.

Owner reviews are strong on the aesthetics and the flush performance, with consistent praise for the premium skirted shape and the included soft-close seat that most comparably priced toilets sell separately. The main caution is parts: Woodbridge mechanisms are specific to the brand, so a worn flush button assembly requires a Woodbridge replacement rather than a generic hardware-store part, and owners should keep a spare on hand. For a buyer remodeling a bathroom who wants a contemporary, clean profile alongside 1.0 gallon partial flush efficiency, it is the best-looking choice in the guide and a repeat feature among our picks for best Woodbridge toilets.

Expert Take

Choose the T-0001 when the bathroom renovation calls for a sleek skirted toilet and you want a 1.0 gallon small flush included. The design quality for the money is genuinely high, and the soft-close seat in the box makes it a complete value package. Go in knowing the savings rely on the household using the small button, and order a spare flush mechanism, since Woodbridge parts are brand-specific.

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Bottom Line: A skirted one-piece with a 1.0 gallon small flush, an 800 gram full clear and an included soft-close seat, delivering designer looks at a value price.
7
Best Slim One-Piece Value

Swiss Madison Ivy

4.4 Best one-piece skirted design for less

The Swiss Madison Ivy is a compact skirted one-piece with a 1.0 gallon partial flush and a 700 gram MaP score, offering a slim modern silhouette and genuine water savings at a lower entry point than the TOTO or Kohler one-piece options.

Flush TypeDual flush siphon
GPF1.0 partial / 1.6 full
MaP Score700 g full flush
BowlElongated, comfort height
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • Design-forward bathrooms on a tight budget
  • Buyers wanting a slim, modern profile
  • Easy-to-clean skirted base
Not Ideal For
  • Households with heavy waste loads needing 800+ gram clears
  • Buyers wanting a long brand track record

The Ivy's 700 gram MaP score on its full flush is strong enough for a typical household, though a step below the 800 gram Kohler and Gerber picks and well below the 1,000 gram TOTO and American Standard leaders. The value proposition is the skirted one-piece construction at an accessible price, with a 1.0 gallon partial flush for liquids and a slim wall-hugging profile that suits compact bathrooms where fitting a bulkier tank would be tight. The included soft-close seat completes the package without requiring a separate purchase.

Swiss Madison is a younger brand with a shorter parts depth than the established names, so buyers should weigh that when considering long-term service. Owner reviews are broadly positive on aesthetics and flush quality, with the recurring note that the compact tank refills slightly more slowly than a larger-volume tank between flushes, which is worth knowing in a high-traffic bathroom. For a renovation buyer who wants a slim modern profile, a 1.0 gallon small flush and a complete in-box package without the premium brand premium, the Ivy is the right value call in this guide and features among the best Swiss Madison toilets.

Expert Take

The Ivy fits when the bathroom needs a slim skirted one-piece and the budget does not stretch to TOTO or Kohler. The 700 gram full flush is sufficient for most uses, the 1.0 gallon small flush drives genuine savings when used, and the skirted base wipes down in one pass. Keep the flush mechanism expectations in check for heavy-load situations, and order a spare cartridge since Swiss Madison parts require brand-specific ordering.

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Bottom Line: A slim skirted one-piece at a value price with a 1.0 gallon partial flush and an included soft-close seat, suited for typical households.
8
Best Simple Two-Piece

Kohler Highline 1.0 GPF

4.5 Best workhorse two-piece at 1.0 GPF

The Kohler Highline in its 1.0 GPF configuration is the no-nonsense workhorse of the category, combining the brand's AquaPiston flush with 800 gram clearing power, universal local parts availability and one of the simplest installation footprints in the lineup.

Flush TypeAquaPiston canister
GPF1.0 gallon
MaP Score800 g
BowlElongated or round, comfort height
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • Easy install by a homeowner or plumber
  • Universal local parts at hardware stores
  • Proven, reliable long-term performance
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting maximum MaP score
  • Design-forward, modern bathrooms

The Kohler Highline is one of the longest-running and most widely sold toilet lines in North America, and the 1.0 GPF version retains the AquaPiston canister valve that distinguishes it from older flapper-based designs, delivering an even 360-degree water release that generates an 800 gram MaP score at the low 1.0 gallon volume. Its two-piece construction uses a standard 12-inch rough-in and follows a bolt pattern and supply connection that any plumber knows by memory, keeping installation and future service simple. The timeless Highline silhouette blends into any bathroom without announcing itself.

Owner reviews show some of the deepest and most consistent satisfaction scores in the category, driven by long-term reliability and the peace of mind that any worn part can be found at a local hardware store rather than requiring a brand-specific order. For the buyer who wants a dependable, well-supported 1.0 GPF toilet in the most recognizable workhorse form, the Highline is the answer, and its full family lineup is covered in our guide to the best Kohler Highline toilets.

Expert Take

The Highline at 1.0 GPF is what you buy when you want a Kohler, want the water savings, and do not want to think about it again for fifteen years. The AquaPiston canister is a better long-term seal than a flapper, the parts are everywhere, and 800 grams at 1.0 gallon handles nearly every household cleanly. It is not exciting, but it is correct, which is what a toilet is supposed to be.

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Bottom Line: The definitive workhorse 1.0 GPF two-piece, with an 800 gram AquaPiston flush, universal parts and one of the best long-term reliability records in the category.
Expert Take

If I had to cover the full range of 1.0 GPF needs with three toilets, I would choose the TOTO Eco Drake for anyone who needs maximum flush power with verified 1,000 gram MaP performance and WaterSense certification at the best possible reliability; the American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise as the value alternative with the identical 1,000 gram score, a ten-year warranty and easy local parts; and the Kohler Cimarron for the buyer who wants a quieter AquaPiston flush and the nation's best big-box parts network at an 800 gram level that handles most households cleanly. Those three models cover the efficiency goal, the power ceiling and the everyday workhorse use case without forcing any performance compromise.

What makes a 1.0 GPF toilet flush as well as a 1.6 GPF toilet?

A 1.0 GPF toilet matches or exceeds the flush performance of a 1.6 GPF toilet by using a wider flush valve opening, a fully glazed trapway and better bowl geometry to accelerate the smaller water volume more efficiently. Independent MaP testing confirms this: the TOTO Eco Drake and American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise both score 1,000 grams at 1.0 GPF, the same maximum that the best 1.6 GPF toilets achieve, because the flush valve width and the siphon action do more work than the extra water did in older designs.

Is a 1.0 GPF toilet WaterSense certified?

Yes, a 1.0 GPF toilet qualifies for EPA WaterSense certification because it uses less than the 1.28 gallon per flush maximum the program requires, and WaterSense also mandates that the toilet pass minimum flush performance standards. This means a WaterSense-labeled 1.0 GPF toilet has been independently verified to both save water and clear the bowl effectively, not just use less water. Models like the TOTO Eco Drake and Kohler Cimarron carry this label.

How much water does a 1.0 GPF toilet save compared to an older toilet?

Replacing a 3.5 gallon toilet with a 1.0 GPF model saves 2.5 gallons per flush, which adds up to roughly 8,000 to 12,000 gallons per year for a typical four-person household flushing an average of 8 to 10 times per day combined. Replacing an older 5 gallon toilet saves 4 gallons per flush. Compared to a standard 1.6 GPF toilet, the 1.0 GPF design still saves 0.6 gallons per flush, or about 1,750 to 2,200 gallons per year for the same household.

What is a good MaP score for a 1.0 GPF toilet?

For a 1.0 GPF toilet, a good MaP (Maximum Performance) score is 600 grams or higher, with 800 to 1,000 grams being strongly preferred. At 1.0 gallon there is no surplus water to compensate for weak flush engineering, so a high gram score means the toilet will clear solids completely on the first push without a second flush that would cancel the water savings. The top models here reach 1,000 grams, the highest score measured, at exactly 1.0 gallon.

Can a 1.0 GPF toilet handle a septic system?

Yes, a 1.0 GPF toilet with a strong flush works well with a septic system and is often a better choice than older high-volume models. Lower water volume per flush reduces the hydraulic load on the septic tank, allowing solids more time to settle and break down before the liquid portion moves to the drain field. The key requirement is a strong enough flush to fully clear the bowl in one push, since solids left in the trapway can enter the tank in an unbroken state. A 1,000 gram MaP score at 1.0 GPF, as achieved by the Eco Drake and Cadet 3 Flowise, satisfies both requirements.

How to choose the best 1.0 GPF toilet for your home

Every 1.0 GPF toilet here shares the same efficiency number, but they differ significantly in flush power, body style, warranty length and long-term parts availability. Working through the considerations below will narrow the field to the model that fits your bathroom, your household and your priorities without leaving you with a surprise double flush.

Lead with the MaP score, because 1.0 gallon leaves no room for a weak flush

The MaP (Maximum Performance) gram score is the most important number after the gallons-per-flush rating, because it tells you how many grams of solid waste the toilet actually clears on a single flush. At 1.0 gallon, there is no excess water to carry material that a weak flush mechanism failed to move. A 1,000 gram score means the toilet clears a maximum test load in one push and will never need a second flush under normal household conditions. An 800 gram score handles typical use well, while anything below 600 grams at 1.0 gallon puts you at real risk of double flushing, which would push your actual average to 2.0 gallons, worse than a standard 1.6 GPF toilet. The MaP database at map-testing.com publishes results by model number, and the scores in this guide are drawn from that source.

Flush valve size is the most consistent predictor of MaP score at 1.0 GPF. A 3-inch flush valve opens 125 percent wider than a standard 2-inch valve, releasing the same 1.0 gallon of water in a shorter, more forceful burst. That momentum is what carries 1,000 grams of material through the trapway cleanly. When comparing models that share similar specs on paper, a 3-inch valve is a reliable signal of strong MaP performance.

Decide whether you want a true single flush or a dual flush with a 1.0 gallon small button

Two of the picks here, the Woodbridge T-0001 and the Swiss Madison Ivy, use a dual flush mechanism where 1.0 gallon is the small-button volume for liquids and a higher volume, 1.6 gallons, handles solids. The other models are true single-flush designs that use 1.0 gallon on every flush. The dual flush approach can lower your real-world average below 1.0 gallon if household members consistently use the correct button, but it requires a behavioral change. The single-flush design locks in 1.0 gallon on every press with no decision required and no risk of the wrong button being pressed. For households with children, guests or residents who find dual flush buttons confusing, the single-flush design is more reliable at delivering the stated efficiency. For more on this tradeoff, see our guide to dual flush vs single flush toilets.

Weigh parts availability against brand and design preferences

Kohler and American Standard toilets are sold in every major hardware chain, which means replacement fill valves, flush levers, flush valves and seats are available locally for the life of the toilet. TOTO parts are more specialized, typically requiring an online order, but the brand's long reliability record means repairs are rare. Woodbridge and Swiss Madison mechanisms are often brand-specific, so a worn flush assembly requires ordering the correct part rather than a generic substitute. If you are in a remote area, value easy local repair access, or simply dislike waiting for deliveries when something wears out, factor parts availability alongside performance and design when you choose.

Match the rough-in, bowl height and shape to your bathroom before ordering

Flush efficiency cannot help you if the toilet does not physically fit your space. Rough-in, the distance from the finished wall to the center of the floor drain bolts, is 12 inches in most US homes but may be 10 or 14 inches in older construction, and a mismatch is the most common installation problem. Comfort-height bowls sit at 17 to 19 inches, similar to chair height and easier on most knees and hips, while standard height saves a few inches of floor clearance. Elongated bowls are more comfortable for most adults; round bowls fit tighter rooms. Measure your rough-in first, then confirm bowl height and shape. Our full guide to measuring toilet rough-in walks through the process step by step.

Check whether a utility rebate applies in your area

Many water utilities and municipal governments offer cash rebates when you replace a toilet that uses more than 1.6 gallons with a WaterSense-certified model using 1.28 gallons or less. Because 1.0 GPF models that carry the WaterSense label exceed the efficiency requirement, they typically qualify for the full rebate amount, and some utilities offer tiered rebates for models below 1.0 GPF. Rebate amounts vary widely, from $25 to $200 per toilet in some programs, and the requirement is usually proof of purchase plus a completed form. Check your water provider's website before buying to confirm eligibility, since a rebate that offsets even part of the price changes the true cost calculation significantly. Our guide to best water saving toilets includes more on rebate programs and how to claim them.

Expert Take

The biggest mistake buyers make with 1.0 GPF toilets is treating the gallon number as the whole story and not checking the MaP score. A 1.0 GPF toilet with a 500 gram MaP forces a second flush, giving you a 2.0 gallon toilet. A 1.0 GPF toilet with a 1,000 gram MaP never needs a second push, giving you exactly the savings the number promises. After MaP, the decision is flush type (single vs dual), body style (one or two piece, skirted or exposed) and parts availability. Get those four things right and the efficiency follows.

Sources

  • EPA WaterSense, epa.gov/watersense
  • MaP flush testing, map-testing.com
  • Manufacturer published specifications (TOTO, Kohler, American Standard, Woodbridge, Swiss Madison, Gerber)
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

? What is a 1.0 GPF toilet?

A 1.0 GPF toilet uses exactly one gallon of water per flush. That is below the 1.28 gallon EPA WaterSense ceiling, below the 1.6 gallon federal maximum, and well below the 3.5 to 5 gallons that older toilets used. The term GPF stands for gallons per flush, and a 1.0 GPF toilet must use engineering, such as a wide flush valve or an efficient siphon, to clear the bowl completely with less water than most designs rely on.

? What is the best 1.0 GPF toilet?

The TOTO Eco Drake is the best 1.0 GPF toilet overall, posting a 1,000 gram MaP score at exactly 1.0 gallon per flush through a 3-inch flush valve and a fully glazed 2-1/8 inch trapway. The American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise matches that 1,000 gram score at a lower price with a 10-year warranty. For a one-piece option, the TOTO Eco Ultramax delivers the same performance with a seamless body that is easier to clean.

? Is a 1.0 GPF toilet WaterSense certified?

Yes. The EPA WaterSense program certifies toilets that use 1.28 gallons or less per flush while meeting minimum flush performance requirements. Because 1.0 GPF is below that ceiling, any model that passes the performance standards qualifies for the label. WaterSense certification means the flush volume and the clearing effectiveness have both been independently verified, so you are not trading water savings for a weak flush.

? Can a 1.0 GPF toilet really flush as well as a 1.6 GPF toilet?

Yes, when the engineering is strong. The TOTO Eco Drake and the American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise both reach 1,000 grams on the MaP test at 1.0 GPF, which is the maximum score measured and the same ceiling that the best 1.6 GPF toilets achieve. A wide flush valve opening, a fully glazed trapway and optimized bowl geometry let 1.0 gallon do the work that 1.6 gallons used to require. The MaP score is what confirms it.

? How much water does a 1.0 GPF toilet save per year?

Replacing a 3.5 gallon toilet with a 1.0 GPF model saves 2.5 gallons per flush. For a four-person household averaging 8 to 10 combined flushes per day, that is roughly 7,300 to 9,125 gallons saved per year. Replacing an older 5 gallon toilet saves 4 gallons per flush, or 11,680 to 14,600 gallons per year. Even swapping a standard 1.6 GPF toilet saves about 0.6 gallons per flush, or 1,750 to 2,190 gallons per year.

? What is the MaP score for a 1.0 GPF toilet?

MaP (Maximum Performance) scores for 1.0 GPF toilets range widely, from under 500 grams in poor designs to the 1,000 gram ceiling in the best models. The TOTO Eco Drake, TOTO Eco Ultramax and American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise all score 1,000 grams at 1.0 GPF. The Kohler Cimarron, Gerber Viper and Kohler Highline post 800 grams. Aim for 800 grams or higher to guarantee a clean single flush at this water volume.

? Do 1.0 GPF toilets clog more than regular toilets?

No, not when the flush is strong enough. The early generation of low-flow toilets in the 1990s had weak flushes that clogged frequently, but current 1.0 GPF models with 800 to 1,000 gram MaP scores and fully glazed wide trapways clog no more often than higher-volume designs. The key is to buy a model with a high MaP score and a glazed trapway rather than the cheapest low-GPF toilet available, since the MaP score is what separates clog-resistant designs from clog-prone ones at low volumes.

? What is a 3-inch flush valve and why does it matter at 1.0 GPF?

A 3-inch flush valve opens 125 percent wider than the 2-inch valve common in older toilets, which lets the same volume of water rush into the bowl in a shorter time frame. This acceleration creates more momentum and carries more waste through the trapway cleanly. At 1.0 GPF, where there is no extra water to compensate for a weak flush, a 3-inch valve is one of the most reliable engineering features for reaching a high MaP score. Both the TOTO Eco Drake and the American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise use 3-inch valves.

? Can I get a utility rebate for a 1.0 GPF toilet?

Most likely yes. Many water utilities offer cash rebates when you replace an older toilet with a WaterSense-certified model, and 1.0 GPF toilets that carry the WaterSense label qualify. Rebate amounts typically range from $25 to $100 or more per toilet depending on the program and location. Check your water provider's website before purchasing, since some programs require you to submit the receipt within a set number of days after installation.

? What rough-in size do I need for a 1.0 GPF toilet?

Rough-in is the distance from the finished wall to the center of the floor drain bolt holes, and it is independent of flush volume. Most US homes use a 12-inch rough-in, which all models in this guide support. Older homes may have 10-inch or 14-inch rough-ins. Measure yours before ordering, since a wrong rough-in means the toilet will not align with the drain or the wall correctly, regardless of its GPF rating.

? Is a 1.0 GPF toilet good for a septic system?

Yes, and it is often a better choice than older high-volume models for septic use. Using 1.0 gallon per flush rather than 3.5 or 5 gallons reduces the daily water load entering the septic tank, giving solids more time to separate before the liquid portion reaches the drain field. The requirement is a strong enough flush to fully clear the bowl in one push, since partial clears can introduce unbroken solid material. A 1,000 gram MaP model like the Eco Drake or Cadet 3 Flowise satisfies both the efficiency and the single-pass clearing requirement.

? Which brands make the best 1.0 GPF toilets?

TOTO leads with the Eco Drake and Eco Ultramax, both reaching 1,000 gram MaP scores at 1.0 GPF with the G-Max system and CeFiONtect glaze. American Standard's Cadet 3 Flowise matches that 1,000 gram score at a lower price with a ten-year warranty. Kohler offers the Cimarron and Highline at 800 grams with the best local parts access. Gerber covers the contractor budget, and Woodbridge and Swiss Madison offer modern skirted designs with a 1.0 gallon partial flush.

? What is the difference between a 1.0 GPF and a 1.28 GPF toilet?

A 1.0 GPF toilet uses 0.28 gallons less per flush than a 1.28 GPF WaterSense toilet. For a household flushing 30 times per day total, that difference adds up to about 8.4 gallons saved daily, or more than 3,000 gallons per year. Both types carry EPA WaterSense certification when performance standards are met, but the 1.0 GPF model requires stronger flush engineering to clear the bowl cleanly with less water. Our comparison of 1.28 GPF vs 1.6 GPF toilets covers the wider efficiency spectrum in detail.

? Are one-piece 1.0 GPF toilets better than two-piece?

Not better in terms of flush performance, but easier to clean. A one-piece toilet eliminates the seam between tank and bowl where grime and mineral deposits collect in a two-piece design, and a skirted one-piece also hides the trapway curves that are the hardest part of any toilet to scrub. The flush system and MaP score determine cleaning performance, while the one-piece or two-piece format determines how easy the exterior is to maintain. The TOTO Eco Ultramax gives the same 1,000 gram flush as the Eco Drake two-piece in a seamless one-piece body.

? How do I know if my current toilet uses more than 1.0 GPF?

Check the flush volume stamped inside the tank lid, usually on the underside, or look up the model number on the manufacturer's website. Toilets made before 1994 commonly used 3.5 to 5 gallons per flush. Toilets from the mid-1990s through around 2005 typically used 1.6 gallons. Models sold as water-efficient after 2005 may use 1.28 or 1.0 gallons, but confirm with the model number since the GPF label is not always visible externally.

? What is CeFiONtect glaze and does it help at 1.0 GPF?

CeFiONtect is TOTO's proprietary ion-barrier glaze applied to the ceramic surface of the bowl and trapway. It creates a microscopically smooth surface that prevents waste, scale and bacteria from adhering, keeping the bowl cleaner between manual cleanings and reducing the buildup that can slow a flush path over years of use. At 1.0 GPF, where every element of the flush path matters, a slicker glazed trapway makes a measurable difference by reducing friction during the siphon action. Other brands use similar proprietary or standard ceramic glazes with varying effectiveness.

? Does water pressure affect a 1.0 GPF toilet's flush performance?

For gravity-flush 1.0 GPF toilets, normal household supply pressure, typically 20 to 80 PSI, is sufficient since the flush relies on the drop from the tank to the bowl rather than on supply line pressure. Extremely low supply pressure can slow tank refill time but does not directly weaken the flush itself. Pressure-assist 1.0 GPF designs, which use air pressure in a sealed inner tank, require a minimum supply pressure of around 20 to 25 PSI to charge properly and deliver the full flush power. Verify supply pressure if you are in a high-rise apartment or on a low-pressure well system.

? How long does a 1.0 GPF toilet last?

The vitreous china bowl and tank of a quality 1.0 GPF toilet typically last 20 to 50 years or more, since ceramic does not corrode or degrade meaningfully over time. The internal components, specifically the fill valve, the flush valve or canister, the flapper if equipped, and the supply line, have shorter service lives of 5 to 15 years depending on water quality and use frequency. Brands like American Standard offer ten-year warranties on parts; TOTO and Kohler typically cover one year on parts, though their long reliability records suggest the mechanical life extends well beyond the warranty.

? Can I install a 1.0 GPF toilet myself?

Yes. Installing a 1.0 GPF toilet follows the same steps as any standard toilet replacement: shut off the water supply, drain and remove the old toilet, inspect and if needed replace the wax ring and toilet bolts, set the new toilet on the flange, secure the tank if two-piece, connect the supply line and test for leaks. Most 1.0 GPF models use standard 12-inch rough-ins and universal supply connections. Our step-by-step guide to how to install a toilet covers the full process in detail.

Our Verdict

The TOTO Eco Drake is the best 1.0 GPF toilet, earning that position with a verified 1,000 gram MaP score, EPA WaterSense certification and TOTO's long reliability record in a practical two-piece body. Buyers who want the same performance without the seam should choose the TOTO Eco Ultramax, which packages the identical G-Max 1.0 GPF flush into a seamless one-piece that takes seconds to clean. The American Standard Cadet 3 Flowise matches the 1,000 gram ceiling at a lower price with a ten-year warranty and universally available parts, making it the strongest value pick. The Kohler Cimarron and Kohler Highline deliver reliable 800 gram clears with the best local parts support of any brand for buyers who prioritize easy repair over maximum gram score. The Gerber Viper covers contractor and rental installs, while the Woodbridge T-0001 and Swiss Madison Ivy serve design-forward bathrooms where a skirted one-piece matters more than the highest MaP number. Whatever model you choose, verify the MaP score first, confirm EPA WaterSense certification, check your rough-in measurement and ask your water utility about rebates before purchasing.

How we rank & our data sources

We do not run physical lab tests. Rankings are built from published, verifiable data and real owner feedback, never paid placement.

Researched by Marcus Bell · Last updated July 4, 2026 · Our review method

M
Researched by Marcus Bell

Marcus compiles bathroom-fixture data, MaP flush scores, GPF ratings, trapway and flush-valve specs, and weighs them against thousands of verified owner reviews to build our rankings. He does not run physical lab tests; every verdict is sourced from published specifications, certifications (MaP, EPA WaterSense) and real owner feedback.

Updated July 2026 · Toilets
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