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Independent rankings, no fluff

Best Low Flow Toilets (1.28 GPF and Under)

A low flow toilet uses 1.28 gallons per flush or less, the EPA WaterSense ceiling, instead of the 1.6 gallon federal maximum or the 3.5 to 5 gallon volumes older homes still run. The catch is that a low flow toilet only saves water if it clears the bowl in one push, because two weak flushes use more than one strong flush ever would. We ranked the best low flow toilets using independent MaP flush-test gram scores, published gallons-per-flush volumes, EPA WaterSense certification, trapway and glaze design, and the patterns across thousands of aggregated owner reviews, so you can cut your water use without ever double flushing.

Why Trust Best Flushing Toilets

  • Flushing power and MaP flush-test scores
  • Water efficiency (GPF and EPA WaterSense)
  • Aggregated owner reviews
  • Clog resistance and trapway design
  • Brand reliability and warranty

Research updated June 2026.

Quick Answer

The best low flow toilet is the TOTO UltraMax II. It uses a flat 1.28 gallons per flush yet earns a 1,000 gram MaP score, the practical ceiling, so its Double Cyclone swirl clears solids in a single push and you never waste water on a second flush. For the lowest average use, the dual flush TOTO Aquia IV sips 0.8 gallons on liquids, and the Kohler Cimarron is the best value low flow pick.

A low flow toilet is defined by a single number: the amount of water it releases per flush. The federal standard has capped new toilets at 1.6 gallons per flush since the 1990s, but the EPA WaterSense program pushes the bar lower, certifying only models that use 1.28 gallons or less. Some dual flush toilets drop the average further by offering a light flush near 0.8 gallons for liquids. Because the toilet is usually the single largest water user inside a home, switching from an older 3.5 or 5 gallon model to a 1.28 gallon low flow toilet can cut toilet water use by more than half, which is real money off a water bill every month.

We do not run our own flush trials. Instead we compare published manufacturer specifications, independent MaP (Maximum Performance) flush-test gram scores, EPA WaterSense certification, the flush volume in gallons per flush, the trapway and bowl glaze, and the patterns across thousands of verified owner reviews. For low flow toilets specifically we weighted the MaP score above the raw gallons number, because the trap people fall into is buying for the lowest figure on the box. A toilet that sips water but flushes weakly forces a second push, and two flushes of 1.28 gallons use more water than a single 1.6 gallon flush would. Every model here uses 1.28 gallons or less and still clears solids cleanly. For the broadest performance-first ranking across every toilet type, see our pillar guide to the best flushing toilets.

Judge a low flow toilet by its MaP score first, then its gallons per flush. The gallons figure tells you the most water the toilet can use, but the MaP gram score tells you whether that water actually clears the bowl in one push. A 1.28 gallon toilet with a 1,000 gram MaP score, like the TOTO UltraMax II or American Standard Cadet 3, locks in its savings because it never needs a second flush. A low-volume toilet with a weak MaP cancels its own savings through double flushing, so buy clearing power first and enjoy the low volume second.

How we research and rank low flow toilets

Every pick here had to use 1.28 gallons per flush or less while still clearing solids in a single push. We required a strong MaP score, with our leading picks at 800 to 1,000 grams and none rated for weak clearing, because a low flow toilet that double flushes defeats the entire purpose. We confirmed EPA WaterSense certification or that the model meets its 1.28 gallon limit, since that label means an independent body has verified both the water use and the flush performance. We looked hard at the flush mechanism, glaze and trapway, because a sealed canister valve and a glazed passage resist the leaks and clogs that quietly waste more water than any flush volume saves. We weighted independent MaP data, WaterSense status and aggregated owner reports over any marketing language, and we do not accept payment for placement.

ToiletBest ForMaPGPFRatingCheck Price
TOTO UltraMax IIBest overall low flow1000 g1.284.8Check price
TOTO Aquia IVLowest average use800 g0.8 / 1.284.7Check price
Kohler CimarronBest value1000 g1.284.6Check price
American Standard Cadet 3Best budget flush1000 g1.284.5Check price
TOTO Drake (1.28)Best proven workhorse1000 g1.284.7Check price
Swiss Madison St. TropezLowest light flush800 g0.8 / 1.284.4Check price
Kohler Highline (1.28)Best simple two-piece1000 g1.284.6Check price
Woodbridge T-0001Best designer one-piece800 g1.284.6Check price
Gerber ViperBest contractor value800 g1.284.3Check price

The 9 best low flow toilets, reviewed

TOTO UltraMax II toilet
1
Best Overall

TOTO UltraMax II

4.8 Best single-flush efficiency

The UltraMax II is the low flow toilet most buyers should start with, because it uses the WaterSense ceiling of 1.28 gallons yet flushes as strongly as a dedicated power toilet, so it saves water without ever forcing a second push.

Flush TypeDouble Cyclone gravity
GPF1.28 gallons
MaP Score1,000 g
Bowl HeightComfort height, elongated
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • The lowest single-flush water use
  • Buyers wanting a seamless one-piece
  • Households tired of double flushing
Not Ideal For
  • Strict budgets
  • Tight installs where weight matters

The UltraMax II uses TOTO's Double Cyclone flush, which feeds water through two side jets to create a swirling rinse that scrubs the bowl rather than just dumping water down the front. That centrifugal motion lets a flat 1.28 gallon flush reach a 1,000 gram MaP score, the practical maximum any toilet hits, so a single flush clears solids cleanly every time. The savings are real precisely because the toilet does the job on the first push, never the second.

It is a one-piece, so there is no tank-to-bowl seam to clean, and the CeFiONtect glaze helps waste and minerals slide away between cleanings. Owner reviews run deep and consistently praise the strong, quiet flush and the low clog rate. The trade-offs are a price above value WaterSense models and the extra weight of a one-piece during install. For a household that wants the lowest practical water use with zero flush compromise, this is the default low flow choice, and it carries over from our roundup of the best water saving toilets of 2026.

Expert Take

If you want a low flow toilet and you are unsure where to start, buy the UltraMax II. A 1,000 gram MaP score at just 1.28 gallons is the rare combination that gives you the low water of an efficient toilet with the clearing power of a power model, which is exactly what stops the double flushing that ruins most water savers. The glazed one-piece body is a cleaning bonus on top.

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Bottom Line: The low flow toilet to beat, pairing a flat 1.28 gallon flush with a 1,000 gram Double Cyclone clear in a seamless one-piece body.
TOTO Aquia IV toilet
2
Lowest Average Use

TOTO Aquia IV

4.7 Best dual flush for the lowest year

If your goal is the lowest possible yearly water average rather than the lowest single-flush number, the dual flush Aquia IV beats any flat 1.28 gallon model by adding a 0.8 gallon light flush for the many liquid-only uses each day.

Flush TypeDynamax Tornado dual flush
GPF0.8 partial / 1.28 full
MaP Score800 g full flush
Bowl HeightComfort height, elongated
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • The lowest yearly water average
  • Buyers wanting a clean skirted body
  • Liquid-heavy household use
Not Ideal For
  • Strict budgets
  • Buyers who dislike top buttons

The Aquia IV pairs a very low 0.8 gallon partial flush for liquids with a 1.28 gallon full flush for solids, and because most uses in a normal day are liquid only, that 0.8 gallon light flush pulls the household average well below a flat 1.28 gallon toilet. The full flush still reaches an 800 gram MaP score using TOTO's Dynamax Tornado swirl, enough to clear solids cleanly without pressing the button twice. It is the low flow path that wins on a yearly meter reading.

The skirted two-piece body has smooth sides with no contoured trapway bumps to scrub, and the CeFiONtect glaze keeps the bowl cleaner between wipes. Owners praise the strong rinse and quiet refill, with the usual note that the top push-button takes guests a moment to learn. The other downside is a price above value single-flush picks. For a buyer focused on the lowest average use, the Aquia IV is the smart pick, and it also leads our guide to the best eco friendly toilets for a greener bathroom.

Expert Take

Choose the Aquia IV when you care about the yearly water bill more than the single-flush spec. The 0.8 gallon partial flush handles the bulk of daily uses at a fraction of the water, and the 800 gram Tornado full flush means solids still clear in one push. Just confirm your household, including guests and kids, will actually use the small button, since that is where the savings live.

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Bottom Line: The dual flush low flow pick that wins on the yearly meter, with a market-low 0.8 gallon light flush and a clean 800 gram full clear.
Kohler Cimarron toilet
3
Best Value

Kohler Cimarron

4.6 Best low flow value

The Cimarron is Kohler's mainstream WaterSense toilet, and it lands the best balance of price, water savings, flush strength and nationwide parts support of any low flow pick on this list.

Flush TypeAquaPiston canister gravity
GPF1.28 gallons
MaP Score1,000 g
Bowl HeightComfort height, elongated
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • Value buyers wanting a major brand
  • Easy local parts and repairs
  • A strong 1.28 gallon single flush
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting a skirted look
  • Shoppers chasing a 0.8 gallon light flush

The Cimarron uses 1.28 gallons per flush and reaches a 1,000 gram MaP score thanks to Kohler's AquaPiston canister flush, which releases water into the bowl from all sides rather than a single point. That all-around flow gives a strong, even rinse on a low water volume, so a single flush clears the bowl reliably. It is a comfort-height elongated two-piece that suits most adults.

Because Kohler is sold in every big-box store, replacement seals and fill valves are easy to find locally for years, which is a real advantage over boutique brands, and the canister flush seals more reliably over time than a cheap flapper. The fully glazed trapway resists clogs and helps waste slide through. It is not skirted, so the two-piece seam and base contours need occasional wiping, and the styling is plainer than a designer one-piece. For a dependable low flow toilet with the easiest parts availability here, the Cimarron is the smart value buy.

Expert Take

The Cimarron is the low flow toilet I point value shoppers to, because you get a 1,000 gram single flush at 1.28 gallons plus a sealed canister valve from a brand whose parts sit on every hardware-store shelf. That parts availability matters years down the line when a worn fill valve becomes a quick fix rather than a special order. Skip it only if you specifically want a seamless skirted body.

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Bottom Line: The best-value low flow toilet, with a 1,000 gram canister flush at 1.28 gallons and nationwide Kohler parts.
American Standard Cadet 3 toilet
4
Best Budget Flush

American Standard Cadet 3

4.5 Strongest budget single flush

The Cadet 3 proves you do not have to spend a lot to get a powerful low flow toilet, pairing a 1.28 gallon flush with a wide 3 inch flush valve that drives a forceful single clear at a budget price.

Flush TypeGravity, 3 in flush valve
GPF1.28 gallons
MaP Score1,000 g
Bowl HeightComfort height, elongated
Warranty10-year limited
Best For
  • Budget buyers wanting real flush power
  • Households with a clog history
  • Long warranty seekers
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting the quietest flush
  • Shoppers wanting a skirted body

The Cadet 3 uses 1.28 gallons per flush and reaches a 1,000 gram MaP score through a large 3 inch flush valve, which is wider than the standard 2 to 2.5 inch valve and dumps water into the bowl faster and harder. That extra speed gives a forceful single flush that clears heavy loads as strongly as toilets costing far more, all at the WaterSense water limit. For a budget bathroom that still needs genuine clearing power, that combination is hard to beat.

The fully glazed EverClean trapway resists the buildup of stains and odor-causing bacteria, so the bowl stays fresher between cleanings, and the ten-year limited warranty is among the longest in the category. It is a comfort-height elongated two-piece with practical, utilitarian styling. The seam and contoured base need occasional wiping, and the fast flush is a touch louder than a quiet siphonic model. For the strongest WaterSense flush per dollar, though, the Cadet 3 is the clear budget answer, and a frequent pick in our roundup of the best EPA WaterSense certified toilets.

Expert Take

Buy the Cadet 3 when the budget is tight but you refuse to gamble on clearing power. The 3 inch valve gives it a fast, forceful flush that matches toilets twice the price, so it clears heavy loads in one push, and the long warranty backs the durability. The only thing you give up is some quiet, since that quick flush is a little louder than a slow siphonic rinse.

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Bottom Line: The strongest low flow flush on a budget, with a 1,000 gram MaP score driven by a fast 3 inch valve and a long warranty.
TOTO Drake 1.28 GPF toilet
5
Best Proven Workhorse

TOTO Drake (1.28 GPF)

4.7 Best repairable long-runner

The Drake is one of the most widely owned toilets in North America, and the 1.28 gallon WaterSense version brings that proven, repairable flush into the low flow range with one of the deepest reliability records anywhere.

Flush TypeG-Max / Tornado gravity
GPF1.28 gallons
MaP Score1,000 g
Bowl HeightComfort or standard height
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • Buyers wanting a decades-proven flush
  • Easy, cheap parts sourcing
  • Heavy daily or light commercial use
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting an all-in-one box
  • Shoppers wanting a skirted look

The 1.28 gallon Drake reaches a 1,000 gram MaP score using TOTO's G-Max or Tornado flush, depending on the exact variant, so a single flush clears solids strongly at the WaterSense water limit. Its owner-review history runs into the thousands and consistently reports a reliable, powerful flush with very few clogs, which is why it is a fixture in homes and light commercial settings alike.

Because the Drake has been in production so long, its internal parts are standard and easy to source, making it one of the most repairable toilets you can own. That longevity is itself a form of saving, since a toilet that lasts decades conserves the water and material a replacement would cost. It is a two-piece, so there is a seam to wipe, and the bowl and tank are sold separately on some listings, so confirm you are ordering the complete 1.28 gallon set. For a proven low flow workhorse, the Drake is a benchmark, and it features in our guide to the best flushing toilets.

Expert Take

The 1.28 gallon Drake is what I specify when reliability and serviceability matter more than styling. A 1,000 gram flush plus a parts catalog that has stayed standard for decades means a worn flapper or fill valve is a five-minute hardware-store fix years from now. Just double-check the listing bundles both the 1.28 gallon tank and the matching bowl, since they are sometimes sold apart.

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Bottom Line: The most proven and repairable low flow toilet, with a 1,000 gram flush and decades of reliability behind it.
Swiss Madison St Tropez toilet
6
Lowest Light Flush

Swiss Madison St. Tropez

4.4 Best ultra-low water use

The St. Tropez is the pick for the lowest possible water draw with modern styling, a sleek skirted one-piece whose dual flush light mode sips just 0.8 gallons at a price well below the premium brands.

Flush TypeSiphon dual flush
GPF0.8 partial / 1.28 full
MaP Score800 g full flush
Bowl HeightComfort height, elongated
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • The absolute lowest light flush
  • Modern, low-profile bathrooms
  • Buyers wanting a complete package
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting a long brand record
  • Bathrooms with weak supply pressure

The St. Tropez pairs a 0.8 gallon partial flush, among the lowest available anywhere, with a 1.28 gallon full flush that reaches an 800 gram MaP score, so it clears solids cleanly without pressing the button twice. Its appeal is the combination of that very low water use with a contemporary low-profile design and a fully skirted base that wipes clean in seconds. The soft-close seat and the button plate are included, which keeps the package complete out of the box.

Swiss Madison is a newer brand than the established names, so its long-term reliability record and parts depth are not as deep, and a few owners note the compact tank can refill a little slowly between flushes. Owner reviews are broadly positive on looks and flush strength, with the usual caution to confirm the bolt-down and supply connection on install. For a water-minded buyer who also wants a modern look for less, it is a strong low flow value.

Expert Take

Choose the St. Tropez when squeezing the water bill is the priority and you like a clean modern shape. The 0.8 gallon partial flush is as low as the category goes, and the included soft-close seat and button plate make it a genuine value. Go in knowing Swiss Madison is a younger brand, so order a spare flush mechanism if long-term parts availability matters to you.

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Bottom Line: A modern skirted one-piece with a market-low 0.8 gallon light flush and a complete in-box package, from a younger brand.
Kohler Highline 1.28 GPF toilet
7
Best Simple Two-Piece

Kohler Highline (1.28 GPF)

4.6 Best reliable WaterSense pick

The Highline is Kohler's straightforward, no-frills low flow two-piece, delivering efficient, dependable 1.28 gallon flushing without any complexity and with the brand's easy nationwide parts support.

Flush TypeAquaPiston canister gravity
GPF1.28 gallons
MaP Score1,000 g
Bowl HeightComfort height, elongated
Warranty1-year limited
Best For
  • Whole-house remodels
  • Buyers wanting a proven two-piece
  • Easy local parts and repairs
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting a skirted look
  • Shoppers chasing a 0.8 gallon light flush

The 1.28 gallon Highline reaches a 1,000 gram MaP score using the brand's AquaPiston canister, which feeds water into the bowl from all sides for a strong, even single flush at the WaterSense water limit. It is a popular choice for whole-house remodels precisely because it is simple, proven and easy to live with across several bathrooms, with comfort-height elongated geometry that suits most adults.

Like the Cimarron, it benefits from Kohler's nationwide parts availability, so seals and flush valves are easy to find locally, and the durable canister flush is less prone to leaking over time than a cheap flapper design. It is a plain two-piece with a seam to wipe and standard styling, and it is sold in multiple flush versions, so confirm you are ordering the 1.28 gallon model. For a buyer who wants a reliable low flow toilet at a fair price across several bathrooms, the Highline is a sensible, repeatable pick.

Expert Take

The 1.28 gallon Highline is what I specify for a multi-bathroom remodel where consistency and serviceability beat styling. You get a proven 1,000 gram canister flush from a brand whose parts are everywhere, so a worn valve years from now is a quick fix. Just be careful at checkout, since Kohler lists this model in more than one flush volume and you want the WaterSense 1.28 gallon version.

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Bottom Line: A simple, proven low flow two-piece with a 1,000 gram canister flush and the easiest parts availability for whole-house remodels.
Woodbridge T-0001 toilet
8
Best Designer One-Piece

Woodbridge T-0001

4.6 Best premium look for less

The T-0001 is the skirted one-piece that built Woodbridge's reputation, offering a designer body that looks far more expensive than it costs, available in a 1.28 gallon WaterSense variant for low flow buyers.

Flush TypeSiphon, dual flush option
GPF1.28 (WaterSense variant)
MaP Score800 g full flush
Bowl HeightComfort height, elongated
Warranty5-year (china), 1-year parts
Best For
  • Renovated, design-forward bathrooms
  • Easy-to-clean skirted bodies
  • Buyers wanting a soft-close seat included
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers needing universal generic parts
  • Shoppers confused by similar model numbers

The T-0001 is a fully skirted one-piece, so the trapway hides behind a smooth side panel and the seamless body wipes clean in one pass. Woodbridge sells it in a 1.28 gallon WaterSense variant for buyers who want the lower flush, and the full flush posts an 800 gram MaP score, enough to clear solids in one push. The soft-close seat is included, a genuine bonus at this price, and the comfort-height elongated bowl suits most adults.

Owner reviews run deep and consistently praise a clean flush, a quiet refill and the upscale skirted shape that hides the trapway entirely. The tradeoff is that Woodbridge parts are less universal than TOTO or Kohler, so a repair may mean ordering a specific mechanism rather than grabbing a generic one, and the brand sells under several similar model numbers, so confirm the exact number and the 1.28 gallon volume before ordering. For designer styling with real water savings, it is a standout low flow choice and a regular pick among the best eco friendly toilets for a greener bathroom.

Expert Take

Pick the T-0001 when the bathroom is on display and you still want genuine low flow savings. The skirted one-piece cleans fast and looks premium for the money, and the included soft-close seat sweetens the deal. Just confirm you are ordering the 1.28 gallon WaterSense variant, since Woodbridge lists multiple flush volumes under similar numbers, and keep a spare flush mechanism on hand.

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Bottom Line: A designer skirted one-piece with a 1.28 gallon WaterSense variant and an included soft-close seat, at slightly less universal parts.
Gerber Viper toilet
9
Best Contractor Value

Gerber Viper

4.3 Best low-cost low flow

The Viper is Gerber's value low flow toilet, a plumber favorite that delivers genuine 1.28 gallon savings and dependable clearing for one of the lowest prices in the category.

Flush TypeGravity siphon
GPF1.28 gallons
MaP Score800 g
Bowl HeightStandard or comfort height
Warranty5-year limited (china)
Best For
  • Low flow on a tight budget
  • Rental units and fleets
  • No-frills reliable flushing
Not Ideal For
  • Buyers wanting designer styling
  • Shoppers chasing a 1,000 gram MaP

Despite its low price, the Viper posts an 800 gram MaP score on its 1.28 gallon flush with a wide glazed trapway, so it resists clogs about as well as toilets that cost far more while staying at the WaterSense water limit. For a hardworking or rental bathroom where low flow savings are the goal and budget is tight, that combination of strength and value is hard to beat.

Gerber is a long-time plumber favorite because its toilets are dependable and inexpensive to service, and the simple two-piece design installs with standard fittings. The 800 gram MaP is strong but a step below the 1,000 gram leaders, and the styling is plain with an exposed trapway. For raw low flow value per dollar, though, the Viper is the smart-money contractor choice, much like its siblings in our guide to the best water saving toilets of 2026.

Expert Take

For a budget or rental low flow toilet, the Viper is the one I trust. You get a dependable 800 gram flush and real 1.28 gallon savings at a price that makes outfitting several bathrooms easy, and Gerber's plumbing-trade pedigree means it holds up under heavy use. Accept the plainer styling and the slightly lower MaP as the price of that value, since it still clears the bowl in one push.

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Bottom Line: A contractor-grade low flow toilet with an 800 gram flush at 1.28 gallons for the least money, ideal for rentals and tight budgets.
Expert Take

If I had to cover almost every low flow situation with two toilets, I would keep the TOTO UltraMax II for the best single-flush efficiency, a 1,000 gram clear at 1.28 gallons that never forces a second push, and the TOTO Aquia IV for any household chasing the lowest yearly average from its 0.8 gallon light flush. That pairing handles both ways of saving water, the strong single flush and the low dual flush, and it sidesteps the weak-flush, double-flushing trap that gave early low flow toilets their bad name by sticking to high-MaP designs from a brand that builds them right.

Which Low Flow Toilet Has the Strongest Flush?

The TOTO UltraMax II has the strongest low flow flush. It earns a 1,000 gram MaP score at just 1.28 gallons per flush, the practical maximum any toilet reaches, using TOTO's Double Cyclone swirl to clear solids in a single push. The American Standard Cadet 3 and Kohler Cimarron also reach 1,000 grams at 1.28 gallons, matching dedicated power toilets at the WaterSense water limit.

Flush strength in a low flow toilet is measured by the MaP gram score, not the gallons number. A 1,000 gram MaP means the toilet clears the maximum amount of solid waste any model can in one flush, so the low water volume never costs you clearing power. The UltraMax II, Cadet 3, Cimarron, Drake and Highline all hit that 1,000 gram ceiling at 1.28 gallons.

Do Low Flow Toilets Flush Well Enough to Avoid Clogs?

Yes, modern low flow toilets flush well enough to avoid clogs. The early 1.6 gallon toilets of the 1990s earned a bad reputation for weak flushing, but today's best low flow toilets reach a 1,000 gram MaP score at just 1.28 gallons, matching dedicated power toilets. The key is choosing a model with a high MaP score and a glazed trapway rather than buying on the gallons number alone.

A well-designed low flow toilet clears the bowl as cleanly as any older high-volume model because the engineering matured. Swirling flushes, larger flush valves and fully glazed trapways move waste with less water. Pick a 1.28 gallon model with an 800 to 1,000 gram MaP, like the UltraMax II or Cadet 3, and clogs are no more common than with a high-volume toilet.

Which Low Flow Toilet Offers the Best Value?

The Kohler Cimarron offers the best value low flow toilet. It pairs a 1.28 gallon flush with a 1,000 gram MaP score from a reliable AquaPiston canister valve, and benefits from nationwide Kohler parts availability so repairs stay cheap and easy. For the lowest price, the Gerber Viper delivers an 800 gram flush at 1.28 gallons in contractor value.

Value for a low flow toilet means strong clearing power plus a mechanism that will not leak or strand you on parts, since a silent flush-valve leak wastes more water than any flush volume saves. A major-brand model with easy local parts is worth more than the lowest sticker price. The Cimarron hits that balance, while the Gerber Viper covers the tightest budgets and rental fleets.

What Is a Good MaP Score for a Low Flow Toilet?

For a low flow toilet, a good MaP score is 800 grams or higher, with 1,000 grams being the practical ceiling and the safest choice. The MaP (Maximum Performance) test measures how many grams of solid waste a toilet clears in a single flush, so a high score at the low 1.28 gallon volume means the toilet never needs a second flush, which is what protects the water savings.

Always read the MaP score alongside the gallons number when buying a low flow toilet. A 1.28 gallon model with a 1,000 gram MaP, like the UltraMax II or Cimarron, locks in its savings, while a low-volume toilet with a weak MaP forces double flushing that erases them. A score of 600 grams handles a typical home, 800 grams is strong, and 1,000 grams is the ceiling.

How to choose a low flow toilet

Buying a low flow toilet comes down to four checks that general toilet guides tend to gloss over: how strong the flush is on the MaP test, whether the model is genuinely WaterSense certified, how reliable the flush valve is, and whether the body and fit suit your bathroom. Work through the sections below before you buy and you will land on a low flow model that genuinely cuts your water use without leaking or forcing a second flush.

Read the MaP score, not just the gallons per flush

The number on the box that everyone notices is gallons per flush, but the number that decides whether a low flow toilet actually saves water is its MaP score. MaP (Maximum Performance) is an independent test that measures how many grams of solid waste a toilet clears in a single flush. A reading of 600 grams handles a typical home, 800 grams is strong, and 1,000 grams is the practical ceiling. A 1.28 gallon toilet with a 1,000 gram MaP, like the UltraMax II or Cadet 3, clears solids in one push and locks in its savings, while a low-volume toilet with a weak MaP forces a second flush. Two flushes of 1.28 gallons use more water than a single 1.6 gallon flush would, so buy clearing power first, then enjoy the low volume. For a deeper look at how the two numbers interact, see our breakdown of 1.28 GPF vs 1.6 GPF toilets and which to choose.

Confirm WaterSense certification for verified savings

The EPA WaterSense label is the simplest way to know a low flow toilet truly saves water. It means an independent body has verified the toilet uses 1.28 gallons or less while still passing flush performance standards, so you are not trading clearing power for the low number. WaterSense toilets use at least 20 percent less water than the federal 1.6 gallon maximum, and many local water utilities offer rebates when you replace an older toilet with a certified model, which can offset much of the purchase. Some toilets are sold in both a 1.6 and a 1.28 gallon version, so read the listing and pick the certified variant if savings is your goal. For models chosen specifically for this label, see our roundup of the best EPA WaterSense certified toilets.

A single flush or a dual flush, both are low flow, but they save in different ways. A strong single flush low flow toilet like the UltraMax II uses a flat 1.28 gallons every time and guarantees a clean clear, so you never waste water on a second push. A dual flush model like the Aquia IV uses a tiny 0.8 gallon flush for the many liquid uses each day, dropping your yearly average below any single flush model. If most of your household's uses are liquid and everyone will use the small button, the dual flush saves more on paper. If you value the certainty of one strong flush and no buttons to learn, the single flush is simpler. For a full comparison, see our guide to the best water saving toilets of 2026.

Watch the flush valve, because a leak wastes more than the savings

The quietest water waster in any bathroom is a leaking flush valve or flapper that lets water trickle from the tank into the bowl around the clock. A slow leak can waste hundreds of gallons a day, far more than even the most efficient flush volume ever saves. That is why a quality flush mechanism matters as much as the gallons-per-flush rating on a low flow toilet. Canister flush systems like Kohler's AquaPiston seal more reliably over time than a cheap rubber flapper, and an established brand's valve is easier to replace when it eventually wears. When you shop, weigh the durability of the flush mechanism alongside the water number, because the cheapest valve can quietly undo all of your savings.

Match the rough-in, bowl height and shape before you buy

Even the most efficient low flow toilet is useless if it does not fit your bathroom. Rough-in is the distance from the finished wall to the center of the floor drain bolts, and most homes use 12 inches, though some older houses have a 10 or 14 inch rough-in. Comfort-height bowls sit around 17 to 19 inches off the floor and suit most adults, while standard height saves a little space. An elongated bowl is more comfortable for most people, while a round bowl fits a tighter room. Confirm all three before buying so your low flow toilet installs cleanly. For the broadest fit and flush advice across the whole category, our pillar guide to the best flushing toilets covers it in detail.

Expert Take

The mistake I see most often with low flow toilets is buying on the gallons number alone and ignoring the MaP score and valve quality. For a low flow toilet, the order of priority is a strong MaP score of 800 grams or more, then WaterSense certification, then a reliable major-brand flush mechanism, then body style and fit. Get those right and a 1.28 gallon toilet saves water for years without leaking or double flushing.

Sources

  • EPA WaterSense, epa.gov/watersense
  • MaP (Maximum Performance) flush testing, map-testing.com
  • Manufacturer published specifications (TOTO, Kohler, American Standard)
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

? What is a low flow toilet?

A low flow toilet uses 1.28 gallons per flush or less, the EPA WaterSense ceiling, rather than the 1.6 gallon federal maximum or the 3.5 to 5 gallons older toilets use. Some dual flush models drop the average lower still with a light flush near 0.8 gallons for liquids. The goal is to cut water use while still clearing the bowl in a single push.

? What is the best low flow toilet?

The TOTO UltraMax II is the best low flow toilet overall. It uses a flat 1.28 gallons per flush yet earns a 1,000 gram MaP score, the practical maximum, so its Double Cyclone swirl clears solids in one push and never forces a second flush. For the lowest yearly average, the dual flush TOTO Aquia IV uses 0.8 gallons for liquids, and the Kohler Cimarron is the best value.

? How much water does a low flow toilet save?

A lot, because the toilet is usually the largest single water user inside a home. Replacing an older 3.5 gallon toilet with a 1.28 gallon low flow model cuts that use by more than 60 percent per flush, and swapping a 5 gallon toilet saves even more. Across a year that adds up to thousands of gallons for a typical household, which shows up on the water bill.

? Do low flow toilets clog more often?

Not if you choose one with a strong flush. The early 1.6 gallon toilets clogged because their flushes were weak, but today's best low flow toilets post 800 to 1,000 gram MaP scores at just 1.28 gallons, matching power toilets. Pick a model with a high MaP score and a glazed trapway, and a low flow toilet clogs no more often than a high-volume one.

? Is 1.28 GPF enough to flush properly?

Yes, when the toilet is well designed. A 1.28 gallon flush is plenty to clear the bowl if the model uses an efficient swirling or large-valve flush and a glazed trapway. The UltraMax II, Cadet 3 and Cimarron all reach a 1,000 gram MaP score at 1.28 gallons, proving the low volume clears solids fully. The gallons number matters less than the MaP score.

? What is the difference between 1.28 GPF and 1.6 GPF?

1.6 gallons per flush is the federal maximum for new toilets, while 1.28 gallons is the lower WaterSense limit that saves at least 20 percent more water. A good 1.28 gallon toilet clears the bowl just as well as a 1.6 gallon model because modern flush engineering matured. Choosing 1.28 gallons cuts water use with no real loss in performance.

? Are all low flow toilets WaterSense certified?

Not automatically. A low flow toilet must be independently verified to use 1.28 gallons or less and to pass flush performance standards before it earns the WaterSense label. Most quality 1.28 gallon models qualify, but some toilets are sold in both certified and non-certified versions, so confirm the WaterSense label and the flush volume on the listing before buying.

? Can I get a rebate for a low flow toilet?

Often, yes. Many local water utilities and municipalities offer rebates when you replace an older toilet with an EPA WaterSense certified low flow model, since it reduces demand on their water supply. The amount and rules vary by region, so check your water provider's website before buying, and confirm the toilet carries the WaterSense label to be eligible.

? Is a single flush or dual flush low flow toilet better?

A dual flush usually has the lower yearly average because most daily uses trigger the small 0.8 to 1.1 gallon partial flush. A strong single flush low flow toilet uses a flat 1.28 gallons every time but guarantees a clean clear with no buttons to learn. Choose a dual flush for the lowest average, or a strong single flush for simplicity, especially if children or guests will not adapt to the buttons.

? What is a good MaP score for a low flow toilet?

A good MaP score for a low flow toilet is 800 grams or higher, with 1,000 grams being the practical ceiling and the safest choice. The MaP test measures how many grams of solid waste the toilet clears in one flush, so a high score at the low 1.28 gallon volume prevents the double flushing that would erase your water savings. Most of our top picks reach 1,000 grams.

? Why does my low flow toilet keep running?

A running low flow toilet almost always means the flush valve or flapper has failed to seal, letting water trickle from the tank into the bowl around the clock. The fix is to replace the valve seal or flapper, which is why buying a brand with easy parts availability matters. Left alone, this silent leak wastes far more water than the low flow design ever saves.

? Do low flow toilets save money?

Yes. Because the toilet is the largest indoor water user in most homes, cutting flush volume from 3.5 or 5 gallons down to 1.28 gallons reduces water use sharply, which lowers the monthly water bill. Many utilities also offer rebates for installing a WaterSense low flow toilet, so the savings come from both lower usage and the upfront rebate.

? Which brands make the best low flow toilets?

TOTO leads for flush quality and reaches a 1,000 gram MaP at 1.28 gallons, Kohler offers the best value and parts availability, and American Standard makes the strongest budget flush with its 3 inch valve. Woodbridge and Swiss Madison offer modern skirted designs for less, while Gerber covers the contractor and rental budget. A major brand matters most for the flush valve's reliability and parts.

? Are low flow toilets noisy?

It depends on the flush type. Toilets with a fast, large-valve flush like the American Standard Cadet 3 are a touch louder because they move water quickly, while siphonic and swirling flushes like TOTO's Double Cyclone are quieter. None are loud by older standards, and a quiet refill valve helps further. If quiet matters, favor a siphonic low flow model over a fast gravity flush.

? Can a low flow toilet handle heavy waste?

Yes, if the flush is strong enough. A 1.28 gallon toilet with a 1,000 gram MaP score, like the TOTO UltraMax II or American Standard Cadet 3, clears heavy solids in one push just like a power toilet. The key is to pick a model with a high MaP score and a glazed trapway rather than the lowest gallons figure, since that is what guarantees a clean clear.

? Do low flow toilets come with a seat?

It varies. One-piece models from Swiss Madison and Woodbridge often include a soft-close seat in the box, while two-piece toilets from TOTO and Kohler frequently sell the seat separately. Check the listing before ordering so you are not surprised, and confirm the seat shape matches the bowl, since elongated and round seats are not interchangeable.

? What rough-in size do low flow toilets use?

Most low flow toilets use a standard 12 inch rough-in, the distance from the finished wall to the center of the floor bolts, though 10 and 14 inch versions exist for older homes. Measure yours before buying, since the rough-in must match regardless of the flush volume, and a skirted low flow model in particular needs the correct fit to sit flush against the wall.

? Is a one-piece or two-piece low flow toilet better?

A one-piece like the TOTO UltraMax II has no tank-to-bowl seam, wipes clean fastest and often looks more modern, but it is heavier to install and usually costs more. A two-piece like the Kohler Cimarron is lighter, cheaper and easier to maneuver, with a seam to wipe. Both can flush identically, so the choice is about cleaning, weight and budget rather than water savings.

? How do I get the most water savings from a low flow toilet?

Choose a model with a high MaP score so you never double flush, check the flush valve regularly for a silent leak, and if you have a dual flush model, use the small partial flush for liquids. A 1,000 gram single flush at 1.28 gallons combined with a sealed valve and no leaks delivers the full savings the low flow design promises across the year.

Our Verdict

For the best mix of low water use and a flush strong enough to never push twice, the TOTO UltraMax II is the best low flow toilet, pairing a flat 1.28 gallons with a 1,000 gram Double Cyclone clear in a seamless, glazed one-piece body. Choose the dual flush TOTO Aquia IV for the lowest yearly average from its 0.8 gallon light flush, the Kohler Cimarron for the best value and easiest parts, the American Standard Cadet 3 for the strongest budget flush, the TOTO Drake (1.28) for the most proven and repairable workhorse, and the Gerber Viper for the tightest contractor budget. Judge any low flow toilet by its MaP score and WaterSense certification first, confirm your rough-in and bowl height, then enjoy the savings a 1.28 gallon flush delivers.

W
Researched by Water Efficiency Editor

Water Efficiency Editor. Focuses on GPF, WaterSense certification and dual-flush water savings, based on published specs and owner reports.

Updated March 2026 · Toilets
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